话题:【英语原著阅读专题讲座】王建开老师的文稿

2010-01-16 20:38   1.
蓝弩网站座谈:2010年1月16日,季风书店徐家汇店
一、引言
1.Reading Maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. (Francis Bacon, “Of Studies”)读书使人充实;谈话使人敏捷;动笔使人精确。(黄源深译)
2.上海市第十一届读书节(2009.7-2009.12.24)
3.上海书市:每年七月-八月
二、英语语言与文化
1.议论
a. Language is the dress of thought. (Samuel Johnson, “Life of Cowley”)语言是思维的外衣。
b. Nor is it necessary to look so far beyond Europe for examples of this kind of differentiation. The large number of terms in Finnish for variations of snow, in Arabic for aspects of camel behaviour, in English for light and water, in French for types of bread, all present the translator with, on one level, an untranslatable problem. (Susan Bassnett, Translation Studies, Routledge, 2002/2004, p.37
大意:不必走出欧洲就可找到这类差异的例子,芬兰语对各种形态的雪、阿拉伯语对骆驼的各种行为、英语对灯光和水、法语对各种面包,都有丰富的词汇,在某种程度上给译者造成不可译的难题。
c.“不了解语言当中的社会文化,谁也无法真正掌握语言。”(王佐良,《翻译中的文化比较》)
d.阅读语言,就是在了解其中蕴涵的文化。参见:Edward T. Hall, The Silent Language, Chapter 3“文化的词汇”;裘克安《英语与英国文化》;郑立信等《美国英语与美国文化》。
2.语言中的文化无处不在,学语言即是了解文化:
1.文化习俗
a. How would you like your coffee, black or white?
b. It’s finger-lickin’ good! 吮指回味!(KFC)
c. …men and women all dressed up dropping in all day long with packages containing wonderful things that they’d wait for us to unwrap. (Budd Schulberg, “My Christmas Carol”)(从早到晚,衣着时髦的男男女女不断来访,他们提着包装讲究的好礼物,并且排队等待,好让我们当面打开包装盒里的礼物。)
d. Rip Van Winkle, however, was one of those happy mortals, of foolish, well-oiled dispositions, who take the world easy, eat white bread or brown, whichever can be got with least thought or trouble, and would rather starve on a penny than work for a pound.(Washington Irving Rip Van Winkle)(然而,瑞普•凡•温克尔发球那种有福分的人。他一副傻样,与世无争,待人接物从容快乐;他吃好吃差无所谓,只要得来全不费工夫。)
e. An English wit, pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On entering a railway compartment, shake hands with all the passengers.” Needless to say, he was not being serious.(一位英国的有识之士曾假意向海外游客建议说:“当你们走进地铁车厢时,要和所有的乘客握手。”不消说,他这番话并不能当真。)
2.文化意象:
a. King Claudius: Where is Polonius?/ Hamlet: In heaven; send hither to see: if your messenger find him not there, seek him i’ the other place.(Hamlet, IV, iii)
b. If you are expecting the stork to visit your home this year and he has to come by way of Royce city, he will have to bring a checkbook to pay his bill before delivery. (William Manchester, The Glory and the Dream, p. 39)
3.文化知识
a. President Bush said to Tony Blair, “… We appreciate the rain the Prime Minster brought with him. (Laughter) … Mr. Prime Minister, thanks for bringing it.” (Tony Blair) “My pleasure, George.” (Laughter) (from www. white house, at a joint press conference with Tony Blair at Crawford High School in Texas on April 6, 2002)
b. The only shops to have survived the march of the supermarkets in any numbers are the corner shops, … (外文出版社《英国人》);在超级市场的冲击下,唯一大量幸免下来的是拐角商店……
c. Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do.(在美国,婚礼的形式多种多样,就象这个国家的人口一样多。)
d. Who wears the trousers?谁做主?
e. It should surely be obvious by now that the decision to wage war in Iraq came first, and the justification later. (The Guardian, August 6, 2002) 此处大意:布什政府先发动对伊拉克战的争先,谈后再来寻找其合法性。此举明显违反西方人的思维方式和行事原则(先求证,再作结论),所以已经是含蓄的批评。英语国家的人熟悉其中的含义,一看就知,所以作者也不用挑明。
f. “… Meanwhile, Humans Eat Pet Food” (by Edward H. Peeles, Jr., in Gerald Levin, Short Essays, 1986);美国的穷困人口靠宠物食品生存,省略部分实际上是大多数人对美国的普遍印象:世界上最富的国家,但同时却有人买不起食物,形成讽刺。
g. “Attic of e”, (Time, December 27, 1999-January 3, 2000);It so happened that I knew where to get my hands on a raccoon coat. My father had had one in his undergraduate days; it lay now in a trunk in the attic back home. (Max Shulman, “Love is a Fallacy”)
h. Oh, no; you would find that all the bad boys who go boating on Sunday invariably get drowned; and all the bad boys who get caught out in the storms when they are fishing on Sunday infallibly get struck by lightning. Boats with bad boys in them always upset on Sunday, and it always storms when bad boys go fishing on the Sabbath. How this Jim ever escaped is a mystery to me. (Mark Twain, “The Story of the Bad Little Boy”, 1865) (相反,您会发现,所有在礼拜天划船的坏孩子没有一个不淹死的,所有在礼拜天钓鱼又遇上暴风雨的坏孩子都遭雷击。礼拜天载有坏孩子的船只总是翻底,安息日坏孩子去钓鱼定有暴风雨。吉姆为什么总是能避开这些灾难,我也说不清个中的缘由。)
i. What else can Mr Treleaven see in the crystal ball of electronic information delivery? In short, a convergence of assorted technologies already in existence.(在电子信息传递这座水晶球中,Mr. Treleaven还窥见了什么呢?简而言之,各种齐全的技术已经具备了。)
5.读英语、学文化
a. 萧伯纳:英国人的幽默;The Golden Rule is that there are no golden rules.
b.马克吐温:美国式的幽默;The War Prayer; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter XI(费恩男扮女装);
c. Understatement: You go to Yale University to learn, rather than to teach. (Tony Blair, speech at the graduating ceremony at Yale U, 2008)

三、读什么:书目的选择
1.如何选定:参见书评杂志、报刊的推荐;《泰晤士报》的“文学评论”专刊;
2.扩大阅读的类型:各类书籍、不同文体;
a. 广义的文学作品;J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter(魔幻);Henry David Thoreau, Walden(散文);Helen Keller, Three Days to See(散文);Barack Obama,如奥巴马The Audacity of Hope《无畏的希望》(传记);
b. 新闻(媒体有网站,可在线阅读):(英国)The Times; The Guardian; Independent; The Economist; Telegraph;(美国)USA Today; The New York Times, Time, Newsweek, Reader’s Digest);
c. 美国各州政府、各大学的网页;
d. 英语原版期刊(学术类及非学术类);
e. 演说、名言辑录、寓言、笑话集锦、广告、产品说明书;
f.英英词典(如Collins CoBuild English Dictionary)的词条解释;
g. 英语百科全书的词条解释;
h. The English Constitution(法律)
3.语言与文化关系的书籍,既学英语,又扩大知识面(kill two birds with one stone);
a. Edward T. Hall, The Silent Language;
b. Beyond Language; Beyond Culture;
c. Edward Sapir, Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech
d. Allen, Walter, Tradition and Dream: The English and American Novel from the Twenties to Our Time, 1986
f. Gerry Knowledge, A Cultural History of the English Language;
4.英美人士写的语言与文化比较的书籍
a.《中式英语之鉴》,英文版;
b.《中西文化之鉴》,英文版。
5.全球视野的书:The World Is Flat
6.读自己容易看得懂的文本;
7.读短篇的文章,例如短篇小说,容易在较短时间内完成,有成就感。
8.按照目的选择读物
a. 学习型:与自己的工作、努力目标(如提高语言水平)有关的读物。
b. 放松型:下班之后、就寝之前,选择轻松有趣的(笑话、幽默故事、童话)、一般知识性、叙述性、无须特别思考的读物,消遣。
c. 两种方式交替进行:不同时段的内容不同,方式也不同。
9.不读简写本:如英语文学简写本,不是原汁原味;中英文对照的书尽量少读或有选择地读;如为了学习翻译,可读不同的译文。
四、怎么读:目的不同,阅读方法不同
1.学习型:细读;注重文体:人物语言的不同风格:反映身份;论说文正式,广告活泼。
2.一般阅读:不用学习的方式进行一般阅读:
a. 不查词典:不落入词汇的陷阱,不做词汇的奴隶;学会根据上下文(Context)判断词义;不因茶词典而破坏阅读的趣味。
3.每天不同时段:读不同的书;晚上:不看哲学类深奥的书;可看既有知识又不艰深的:The World Is Flat; Harry Potter
选择:读自己熟悉的、容易理解的;如何知道自己适合读什么?如遇看不懂的书,表明暂时达不到那个程度,所以不读(或暂时不读):传统的说法:读不懂要反复读——除了教师指定的(对学生而言)、工作上必须弄懂的(对员工而言),不必非弄懂,没有效率,且容易失去信心;读不懂的,不读;感觉容易懂的,多看。
4.读、写结合:总结课文(New Concept English, III);改写;
5.读、译结合:翻译提高对原文的理解;有时,看似懂了的文章,翻译时发现并没有完全理解。可以读双解词典(如:上海外教社2008年出版的《新牛津英语双解词典》)的译文;比较不同的译文(如《独立宣言》的译文)。
6.读、听结合(听书、读图的时代,尽管会aliteracy):putclub;www.woyouxian.com
7.笔记:
a. 摘录好的句子,避免Chinese English;如:I would like to express my thanks to what you have done for me during my stay here.比较:自己编的句子:I want to show my thanks to your help.
b. 摘录名句,在说、写时模仿
1) 例1:To be, or not to be—that is a question.中文有大量模仿。
2) 例2:…and would rather starve on a penny than work for a pound.(Washington Irving, Rip Van Winkle, Chapter I)
3) 例3:名句的运用:“做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。”译文:… ensure that development is for the people, by the people and with the people sharing in its fruits.(王平兴《政治文献翻译新探索——十七大文件翻译体会》,《中国翻译》08年1期)
c.参看:史志康,《用优雅的英语翻译优雅的美文》,《中国翻译》2008年第1期。
8.读文学作品之前,先读评论文章(见于高校学报及专业期刊如《外国文学评论》、《国外文学》等);以此知道如何抓住关键点,如:如何读英诗。
五、阅读技巧:
1.利用英语的特点:凡遇难点,均有下文解释(破折号或另起一句);如:“The Throwaway Society”
2.预测(Anticipation):英语的结构(如议论文):三部分:1)开头:提出一个社会问题或社会现象,其严重性及普遍性;例如air pollution in the big cities;2)论述部分:造成这种问题或现象的原因;例如,waste gas discharged from cars汽车尾气排放,以及其他人类活动(工业生产、生活垃圾等);3)提出解决办法或指出不采取措施的后果;例如,限制进入中心城区的汽车数量、提高尾气排放的标准、鼓励使用小排量车等。
3.选读:根据个人兴趣选读书中的某一部分,而不是全部。除了做研究,一般不全部读,或不细读。
六、其他事项
1.注意安全:看书不走路;走路不看书
2.学好外国语,做好中国人。(陆谷孙教授寄语)
七、推荐书籍(阅读方法、英语特点):仅供参考
杜学增,《英语阅读的方法和技能》,外语教学与研究出版社。
何莲珍编译,《景物描写精萃》,英汉对照,上海世界图书出版公司
何莲珍编译,《人物描写精萃》,英汉对照,上海世界图书出版公司
外国文学作品:www.woyouxian.com(网站,原文、中译文)
A.G. Gardiner, “On Big Words”
John Ruskin, “About Reading Books”, an except from Sesame and Lilies
William Hazlitt, “On Familiar Style”
《英诗助读》(英汉对照)
《当代英美名人语录》(英汉对照),外文出版社
《诗苑小憩》(英国卷、美国卷)(英汉对照)
《英国演说名篇》
《美国演说名篇》
文学作品(短篇)
讽刺:A Modest Proposal; The War Prayer
成长小说(短篇) I Want to Know Why


要回复,请先登录注册

你好,欢迎来到蓝弩·阅读——以阅读为主题的分享社区。

一段书摘、一点领会、一份见解……用最简洁的语言, 写下你阅读时的真实感受,把你发现的有趣的书籍和文章与好友一起分享

蓝弩,记录你的阅读之旅

新用户注册>>